greater democracy in the progressive era powerpoint

Dr. Jill Horohoe Since the Progressive Era, many scholars have expressed deep reservations over the ability of citizens to vote on ballot measures that support their core beliefs and attitudes. 18. Although most studies argue that occupational licensing regulation is adopted to restrict entry and reduce competition, the evidence from the Progressive Era suggests that regulation arose to improve markets as specialization and advances in knowledge made it increasingly difficult for consumers to judge the quality of professional services. The Progressive movement was a political and social-reform movement that brought major changes to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Colorado State Archives, The Governor John F. Shafroth Collection. . 4. The danger of a permanent inequality of conditions and aristocracy is upon us. Unfortunately, both works have numerous inaccuracies concerning the 1912 election. ), The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data, Does Teacher Testing Raise Teacher Quality? Presentation. Direct Democracy. Once the scheme was disclosed publicly, enough legislators refused to endorse it; Speer never won his coveted U.S. Senate seat. Despite the tireless efforts of M. Dane Waters and the Initiative and Referendum Institute, much work remains simply to provide a full and accurate account of the ballot titles and texts of all the measures approved and rejected by citizens during the Progressive Era. See Dubofsky, Melvyn, We Shall Be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the World (Chicago, 1969)Google Scholar; Foner, Philip, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, vol. L. The evidence is mixed that public policies come closer to citizen preferences in initiative states than in noninitiative states. Using resources from the Topic 6 Readings, including your textbook, materials provided by your instructor through class discussion, and materials from the GCU Library Guide for HIS-144 US History Themes, prepare your PowerPoint with the following areas of focus: Regulation of Business, Greater Democracy, Conservationism . In Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville offered a prescient warning for the friends of democracy. Prepare your PowerPoint with the following areas of focus: Slide 1: Introduction. Election-goers cast 192,651 votes on the prohibition question (Measure 1), compared to only 89,963 votes cast upon Measure 31, which authorized bonded indebtedness for the construction of state highways. See especially Chavez, Lydia, The Color Bind: California's Battle to End Affirmative Action (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1998)Google Scholar, and Mahtesian, Charles, Grassroots Charade, Governing (11 1998): 3842Google Scholar. Citing the clout of corporate monopolies that dominated numerous state legislatures at the turn of the century, contemporary observers of direct democracy approvingly note how citizen groups during the Progressive Era used the mechanisms to take on an array of vested interests. The Battle Over Ballot Initiatives in America (Lanham, Md., 2001); idem, Special Interests and Direct Democracy: An Historical Glance, in M. Dane Waters, ed., The Battle Over Citizen Lawmaking (Durham, N.C., 2001). The reform was not much successful in urban states. Legacy of the progressive era power point Holly V.pptx. Temperance movement that prohibited alcohol manufacturing, sales, and Routledge. 2014. Lawrence, Eric D. Irrespective of whether public policy in states permitting the initiative is more consistent with the median voter than in noninitiative states, individual legislators in initiative states seem to interpret initiative results from a rational, selfish perspective, which includes noting how their own constituents voted on ballot measures. 1 page 2021/2022 None. Concentrated economic power not only allowed for localized oppression, especially of workers in their daily lives, it also made it more likely that big corporations and wealthy people wouldnt be subject to the rule of law or democratic controls. Greater Democracy American society . Slide 4: Conservationism. 27. Progressive Era Conceptions of the Corporation and the Failure of the Federal For estimates of voter turnout in Colorado during the Progressive Era, see Spencer, R. C., Activities of the Colorado Electorate, American Political Science Review 17 (1923): 101108CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 2021/2022 None. 100% Money Back Guarantee. Smith, Daniel A. 8. Newspapers of the day rarely referred to the specific corporate holdings of Evans. Progressivism Movement based on the idea that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice Progressive Beliefs Move away from laissez faire with government regulating industry Make US government responsive to the people ( voting Limit power of the political bosses. Civil Rights Matrix. Published online by Cambridge University Press: } The Progressive Era (1896-1917) was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, waste and inefficiency. Broder, David, Ballot Initiatives Subvert Election Process, Denver Post, 14 05 2000, K1Google Scholar; idem, Democracy Derailed: Initiative Campaigns and the Power of Money (New York, 2000). (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Do not sell or share my personal information. See Allswang, The Initiative and Referendum in California, 818; Ellis, Democratic Delusions, 2630. 44. This authority arguably conflicted with Measure 23, which vested custody over all public funds in the state treasurer. Mining firms practiced wasteful improper mining practices. Outside of utilities, regulations prohibited unsafe and unhealthy practices food and drug laws, child labor laws, workplace safety laws. But they also adopted structural reforms to make the political process itself more democratic. The Supreme Court ruled that it was up to each state until Congress stepped in to regulate industries. As Frederick Douglass once observed: Power concedes nothing without a demand. He was reelected to a fourth term in 1900 as a Democrat. In fact, Southern Pacific (now Union Pacific Railroad) was involved in numerous California ballot campaigns, from an unsuccessful 1911 legislative referendum that would have allowed public officials to ride for free on trains, to a successful 1948 statutory initiative that required the public Utilities Commission to specify the number of brakemen on trains. Differential Application of Utilitarian and Deontological Ethical Theories in Multicultural History of Lowell Assignment. This ideology favored institutions and all practices that evolved gradually. Direct democracy (often referred to as direct legislation)which includes the plebiscitary devices of initiative, popular referendum, and recallis the political process whereby citizens participate directly in the making of public policy by casting their votes on ballot measures. 10Google Scholar. View all Google Scholar citations Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures Submitted to the Electors of Colorado Under the Initiative and Referendum Amendment and by the 18th General Assembly (Denver, 1912), 26Google Scholar. The advances in knowledge and specialization led to increased societal safety, improved health and welfare. The Progressive Era lasaunders 11.2K views42 slides. Render date: 2023-05-01T07:17:17.047Z See Lomask, Milton, Seed Money: The Guggenheim Story (New York, 1964)Google Scholar. 46. But in every state there are thousands of voters who read no newspapers regularly, whose circumstances and associations are such that they have little opportunity to read or hear any informing discussion, and who come to the polls with but the haziest notions as to what the election is all about. Haynes, George, The Education of Voters, Political Science Quarterly 22:3 (1907): 484497, 485CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Mr. Buffett's recent annual letter to shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate he has run for 58 years, boasted that Berkshire had paid $32 billion in taxes over the past decade. Many reform movements rose in the fight against intimidation, corruption, and greed of few individuals in power. We need to create a more just and equitable tax system including treating all income the same, adopting a wealth tax, and reviving estate and inheritance taxes. Prepare your PowerPoint with the following areas of focus: Regulation of Business, Greater Democracy, Conservationism, the Rise of Professionalism, and Prohibition. In 1913, the DLL, as well as some Democratic members of the House, circulated a petition for an initiative on the 1914 ballot that would have dissolved the state Senate. This movement grew stronger during the progressive era when social problems, including drunkenness and poverty, gained public attention. } When they did, it was usually limited to his involvement with the Denver Tramway or prior holdings in the railroad. Legacy of the progressive era power point Holly V.pptx. Greater Democracy The first category of the great democracy in the progressive era was trying to get around institutions that stood between popular opinion and governing. Rimby, S. (2021). Topic Legacy of the Progressive Era Political democracy helps foster economic democracy as the people work to make the country more egalitarian. We must revive public utilities regulation and think seriously about the necessary infrastructure of modern society from a public option for broadband internet to basic bank accounts for everyone. 10. The adoption of the two counterpropositions that so patently conflicted with each other indicates that voters may not have understood the substantive implications of the initiative and popular referendum. This fundamental change to the constitutional structure ended the era of sometimes corrupt state legislatures sending corporate bosses and their cronies to Washington. Gerber, Elisabeth, The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation (Princeton, 1999), 5Google Scholar. Ballot Initiatives, State Policies, and Public Opinion, Journal of Politics 58 (1996): 760775CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Camobreco, John, Preferences, Fiscal Policies, and the Initiative Process, Journal of Politics 60 (1998): 819829CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hagen, Michael, Lascher, Edward, and Camobreco, John, Response to Matsusaka: Estimating the Effect of Ballot Initiatives on Policy Responsiveness, Journal of Politics 63 (2001): 12571263CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Specialization and . 39. The business of benevolence: Industrial paternalism in progressive America. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Rev., 1017. Pioneers such as Frances Willard argued that men used money that they could use for family bread for drinks. See Oregon Blue Book, Initiative, Referendum and Recall 19121914. . Immediately following the 1910 popular vote, opponents challenged the measure in court, arguing that the special session bill had not been submitted properly to the people under Colorado's constitution. History 144 The Gilded Age Villa Santa Maria 34.7K views36 slides. It made more sense to have a single telephone network in America, given the high costs of building the network and the importance of having everyone on it. Many reform movements rose in the fight against intimidation, corruption, and greed of few individuals who were in power. As Shoshona Zuboff has argued in The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, the rise of surveillance technology and behavioral targeting risks an economic revolution that turns consumers into commodities and a political revolution that could morph democracy into digital authoritarianism. 28. With the popular referendum, citizens petition their legislatures to place a disputed legislative action on the ballot for the voters to reconsider. Licensing regulations are followed to strengthen professional areas and allow people to engage in a meaningful search for knowledge in areas of specialization. See Citizens' League Petitions Are Filed with Supervisors, Rocky Mountain News, 13 April 1910; Evans-Speer Gangs Vote Bosses' Will at Primaries, Rocky Mountain News, 22 April 1910; Senator Patterson Asks W. G. Evans for Definite Statement of Moffat Road's Future, Rocky Mountain News, 12 April 1911. No official records on turnout are available for the 1912 election. Grand Canyon University. The aim of government involvement in regulating and supervising the use of natural resources was to reclaim large areas of neglected land and putting to an end to wasting natural resources. 12, no. Fishback, Price V. Again, the only way for a voter to know these details would be to look at a supplement, such as the one published by the Colorado Bar. and the Progressive Era Conservation Movement (pp. The effort was focused on modernizing the society, and conservationists 17. 25. These reformers recognized that concentrated economic power in any form was a threat to freedom and democracy. The Rise of Professionalism Some of the professions that were introduced in this era include medicine, social work, and special education. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Although Measure 1, which sought to make Colorado a dry state, lost handily, garnering slightly more than 39 percent of the vote, Coloradoans would narrowly pass a similar prohibition initiative in 1914. But even with a revival of these strategies, even with the political movement to back it up, even with courageous leaders at the helm to implement these policies, the roadmap for reforming industrial capitalism will still be insufficient to rescue democracy today. Industrial capitalisms basic structure is changing. Gentlemen, he asked, are you concerned with advancing the health, safety and welfare of the people under the police powers of the state, or are you primarily interested in creating a monopoly situation to eliminate competition and raise prices?The spokesman for the occupational group smiled and said, Governor, we're interested in a little of each.Council of State GovernmentsCouncil of State Governments, Occupational Licensin g, p. 1. "The Progressive Era is unique in that this impulse spread to foster an all-encompassing mood and effort for reform. Yes, contemporary capitalism can be compatible with liberal democracy | William Arthur Galston, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. Lonsdale, The Movement for an Eight-Hour Law in Colorado, 271. 2003. (2018). Peterson, Brenton for this article. 55. & I was not surprising. From farmers to politicians, the need for change and for direct responsibility for the country's ills became paramount and spread from social service to journalism" (WGBH). Unfortunately, few accounts exist concerning the electioneering of these and other measures. He . Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation on the Legacy of the Progressive Era. Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation on the Legacy of the Progressive Era. (New York, 1955), 261Google Scholar. year. for this article. Measure 9 sought to excise two sections from the 1913 law, while Measure 13 sought to repeal three sections, effectively repealing the entire law. For instance, Cronin reports incorrectly that after several failed attempts, initiative petition in Colorado granted the vote to women. Cronin, Thomas, Direct Democracy: The Politics of Initiative, Referendum, and Recall (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 97CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Has data issue: false Penn State University Press. Both online and in PDF. This creates a vicious cycle in which the wealthy and corporations can rig the political rules to benefit themselves. Cities During the Progressive Era In the early 1900s, the United States entered a period of peace, prosperity, and progress. Legacy of the Progressive Era HIS-144-0504 Madison Bergman Johnathan Cummins October 1, 2020 Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-48m8m Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 825. 87, Issue 4.) Spacing homework. HIS 144. See Initiative and Referendum Held Valid, Denver Post, 24 September 1912. First, the House of Representatives amended the bill to make it a referendum and thus send it to the people. More than a century ago, when industrial capitalism was on the rise, reformers and intellectuals outlined and adopted a variety of structures to keep the feral beast within a democratic enclosure. Micro-Level Legislative Responsiveness to Ballot Initiatives, State Politics and Policy Quarterly 1 (2001): 5061CrossRefGoogle Scholar. HTML view is not available for this content. 4. In its nonpartisan analysis of the thirty-two ballot measures, the Colorado Bar Association minced no words: The purpose of the proposed law is to give state aid to The Denver, Northwestern, and Pacific Railway Company, in the construction of its line from Denver to Salt Lake City. Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 97. The movement that prohibited alcohol manufacturing, sales, and transportation aimed at eradicating poverty, and they argued that alcohol adds poverty to society. historically inherited practices rather than the ideal and abstract things. Conservationism In 1902, Shafroth was reelected as a Democrat, but he resigned his seat in 1903 after allegations of fraud were made by his opponent. Larson, M. S. (2017). 2021/2022 None. Advance in specialization and knowledge led to modern-day professions. Link, Arthur and McCormick, Richard, Progressivism (Arlington Heights, Ill., 1983)Google Scholar. On average, 38 percent of those who cast votes for President voted on the twenty initiatives on the ballot; 33 percent voted on the six compulsory referendums; and only 30 percent voted on the six popular referendums. During this time, the railroad industry was rapidly growing and was able to charge high prices to ship goods from the farmers to the markets (Larson, 2017).. Smith, Daniel A. Tolbert, Caroline J. See also Arthur Lupia, Dumber than Chimps? Notwithstanding the possibility of committing an ecological fallacy, one might expect the county-level vote on the two measures to be inversely related. Business Men in Public War over Utilities Bill, Denver Post, 10 October 1912. Finally, Measure 26 sought to restrict the rights of reservoir owners to impound water in their reservoirs. See Schmidt, Citizen Lawmakers, 9. Colum. In actuality, women in Colorado gained the right to vote after male voters in November 1893 passed a constitutional amendment referendum placed on the ballot by the state legislature. Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes the traditionally or historically inherited practices rather than the ideal and abstract things. 21. (Tatiana, 2017). and Senator Thomas Patterson, a civic reformer. For a discussion of the debate over salmon fishing in Oregon, see Bowler and Donovan, Demanding Choices, 11828. 23. Bowler, Shaun See Matsusaka, John, Fiscal Effects of the Voter Initiative: Evidence from the Last 30 Years, Journal of Political Economy 103 (1995): 587623CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, Problems with a Methodology Used to Evaluate the Voter Initiative, Journal of Politics 63 (2001): 125056; Gerber, Elisabeth, Legislative Response to the Threat of Popular Initiatives, American Journal of Political Science 40 (1996): 99128CrossRefGoogle Scholar; but see Lascher, Edward, Hagen, Michael, and Rochlin, Steven, Gun Behind the Door? Rise of Professionalism 61. Citing federal law, the Colorado courts struck down as unconstitutional the provision of Measure 16 that allowed voters to overturn the decisions of the Colorado Supreme Court by declaring laws unconstitutional. 51. Reformers exposed corrupt officials publicly, and they voted them out of office. Democratic control would be preserved through legal restrictions regulation of rates, universal service obligations, and non-discrimination rules. In effect, the law only covered one-fifth of all underground workers. Donovan, Todd Penn State University Press. Huber, The Progressive Career of Ben B. Lindsey, 343. See Barnett, The Operation of The Initiative, Referendum, and Recall in Oregon, 7585; Ellis, Democratic Delusions, 3035. Wilcox, Delos, Government by All the People (New York, 1912), 310Google Scholar. 57. The nineteenth century had both a mix of social and political reforms which allowed us to have a greater democracy and a rise in professionalism. Save. Ruhil, Anirudh V.S. 2016/2017 None. Can democracy survive what capitalism has unleashed? The Progressive Era was a turning point for the U.S. during the early 1900s, in which the country experienced the federal government regulation of Big Business. Once the amended bill had passed through both chambers of the legislature, it went directly to the ballot for November, bypassing the governor's desk all together. At this time, state legislators elected the members of the United States Senate. The result of this movement towards urban reform was the Progressive movement. 24. Yet the bivariate Pearson product moment correlation between the percentage of the county yes vote for both measures is positively related (r = .474) and significant (p < .01, 2-tailed, n = 62), indicating again, as in the case of the competing regulation of public utilities measures, that there may have been considerable voter confusion. Total loading time: 0 Roosevelt did exclaim that the legislators should BE PROGRESSIVE. (Tone, 2018), a political ideology that emphasizes the traditionally or See Smith, Daniel A., Homeward Bound? Mothers' Compensation Bill Menace to Children's Home, Denver Republican, 26 October 1912. Colorado Secretary of State, State of Colorado: Roster of Elected Officers and Tabulated Statement of the Votes Cast for the Several Candidates, Tuesday, November 5, A.D. 1912 (Denver, 1913)Google Scholar. Tolbert, Caroline J. 53. Specialization and Regulation: The Rise of Professionals Marc T. Law is Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Vermont, Old Mill Building, 94 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405-0114. Second, there is no provision in the Colorado constitution that refers bills to the people that are left unsigned by the governor. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. 572. Slide 3: Greater Democracy. 20. In August 1912, a Denver district judge, Harry Riddle, agreed with the plaintiffs, and it looked as though Coloradoans would still be without the initiative and referendum. Cornell University Press. 19. In conse-quence, a primarily small-town agrarian society became trans-formed into an urban industrial one. Progressive reformers succeeded in fighting impunity in city governments. Looking at the total votes cast in the election, even Measure 31, which had the most votes of the five legislatively referred measures, was voted upon by less than half of the people who voted on the prohibition initiative. diss., University of Colorado at Boulder, 1963), 274277Google Scholar. 13. Theodore Roosevelt once wrote that there can be no real political democracy without something approaching an economic democracy. The truth is that the two work hand in hand. Development of the US Green Movement: Reliance on Civil Society. 54 Colo. 262 (Denver, 1913)Google Scholar. Civil rights powerpoint Kimberly Veneziano-Pulliam 30.2K views27 slides. Voters had no way of knowing, from their ballot, what those sections contained. For brief histories of the adoption of initiative and referendum in Colorado, see Martin, Curtis and Gomez, Rudolph, Colorado Government and Politics, 4th ed. The achievement of greater democracy characterized the progressive era. At the time, the Denver Post was being sued for libel, so it understandably kept its editorializing to a minimum. According to the pundits, American businesses were monopolizing the economy, "gobbling up the wealth," and leaving most Americans worse off in their wake. During the Progressive Era, protections for workers and consumers were strengthened, and women finally achieved the right to vote. Lonsdale, David, The Movement for an Eight-Hour Law in Colorado, 18931913 (Ph.D. Prohibition was supported by the temperance movement that started in the 1830s. 60. Reformers answer to the concentration of economic power was threefold: break up economic power, rein it in through regulation, and tax it. For instance, in 1914 the Denver Post opposed a plan to make newspapers a public utility. California, Oregon, and several other states had parallel partisan experiences during this period. 6. and Utilities Bill Is Drawn by Phone Heads, Is Charge, Denver Republican, 25 October 1912. Advance in specialization and knowledge led to modern-day professions, during the progressive era. So they passed corporate taxes and income taxes. 66. The progressive era intervened to save the future of the American people by protecting natural resources against exploitation by organizations and few individuals who have dominated the country. and 2006. Colorado Bar Association, Analysis of Thirty-Two Measures, 66; The Eight-Hour Laws. Rocky Mountain News, 24 10 1912Google Scholar. Pandya, Sonal Scamehorn, Lee, Mill & Mine: The C.F. thesis, University of Denver, 1964)Google Scholar. While the first official Federal Regulation began in 1887, there were some attempts made before 1988. and He put under Federal protection 18 National Monument; the most well- known is "The Grand Canyon" in Arizona. For example, McMechen and Griswold both misinterpret the way in which the bill became a compulsory statutory referendum. Thus it left a need for the Federal Government to regulate businesses. Burris's bill was opposed by the public utility corporations. social work, and special education 9. Direct Democracy included the idea that voters should choose U.S. Direct democracy (often referred to as direct legislation)which includes the plebiscitary devices of initiative, popular referendum, and recallis the political process whereby citizens participate directly in the making of public policy by casting their votes on ballot measures. 54. (At the time in Colorado, the sponsors of initiatives and popular referendumsand not a state agencycomposed the ballot title and actual text of the measures.) Feature Flags: { 69. Legacy of the Progressive Era Powerpoint.pdf. Both incorrectly report that the bill went to the people by legislative default. In addition to guarding against the accumulation of economic power, Progressive Era reformers sought to prevent it being converted into political power. Some intellectuals and political figures will fight them with claims of efficiency and economic growth. Schnader, W. A., Proper Safeguards for the Initiative and Referendum, American Political Science Review 10 (1916): 515531, 519CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 27 April 2009, Since its inaugural use in Oregon in 1904, direct democracyas practiced in twenty-seven American stateshas garnered its share of defenders and critics. 75. Essays. 2013. It should be noted that there are many vote discrepancies in the public record concerning the actual vote totals for and against the thirty-two measures. Walter Wellman, Walter Wellman's Indictment of Moyer, Haywood and the Western Federation of Miners, unpublished manuscript, Denver Public Library, Western History and Genealogy, 1910, 10. "useRatesEcommerce": false In the late 1870s, regulations were attempted to be set by a group of Farmers. Perspective on Direct Democracy: Who Directs Direct Democracy? (Rothbard, 2017), Professionalism 2007. The progressive era created room for specialization. Measure 22, the livestock referendum, proposed to transfer control of branding from the Secretary of State to a new board, in whom all authority would be vested. The governor did not have the opportunity either to endorse or veto the measure. Progressive Era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices, reduce corruption, and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization.

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